Understanding PTSD: What It Is and How to Help

What Is PTSD?

PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder, is the mind’s response to a shattering event. It emerges when a trauma doesn’t fade into the past but replays itself relentlessly, as if it’s happening all over again. Signs of PTSD include uncontrollable reliving of the traumatic moment, heightened irritability or bursts of anger, constant wariness, gnawing anxiety, self-destructive tendencies, trouble focusing, sleeplessness, or recurring nightmares.

Sometimes, a person with PTSD might experience a sudden flashback—a vivid plunge back into the traumatic scene. Panic sweeps over them. This can be triggered by anything reminiscent of the event: a scent, a sound, an emotion, a touch, or a fleeting image. In that moment, they act as though the danger they once faced is unfolding anew—screaming, crying, or hiding as if to escape.

What Can You Do? How Can You Help Someone with PTSD?

First, ensure there’s no real threat present. Approach the person with respect. Their panic isn’t a choice—it’s an involuntary reaction they can’t control.
If they’ve harmed themselves, call emergency services immediately.
Let them know they’re not alone and that you’re there to help. Introduce yourself by name and reassure them that no danger lurks nearby.
When they respond to your voice, ask if they can hear or see you.
Anchor them in the present. Describe where you are—what you see around you.
Once you’ve made a connection, ask their name and invite them to share what they see in front of them.
Show them you’re by their side. With their permission, hold their hand, sit close, or breathe together. Never touch them without consent—it might feel threatening.
To bring them back to reality and restore a sense of control, ask a simple question that offers a choice: Would they like tea or water? Where might they go next? What do they feel like doing?

The key is to speak calmly, in short, clear phrases, without overloading them with emotion. They aren’t “sick,” so don’t treat them as fragile or broken.

If these steps don’t ease the situation, seek help from medical professionals.